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exclusively to soaps made with sodium hydroxide), brings about a chemical reaction known as saponification. in this reaction, the triglyceride fats are first hydrolyzed into free fatty acids, and then these combine with the alkali to form crude soap, an amalgam of various soap salts, excess fat or alkali, water
including those of aluminium, sodium, and mixtures of them. such soaps are also used as thickeners to increase the viscosity of oils. in ancient times, lubricating greases were made by the addition of lime to olive oil. when used for cleaning, soap allows otherwise insoluble particles to become soluble in water...
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