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to avoid such limitations, improved implementations of p-strings use -, -, or -bit words to store the string length. when the length field covers the address space , strings are limited only by the available memory . if the length is bounded, then it can be encoded in constant space, typically a machine
word, thus leading to an implicit data structure , taking n + k space, where k is the number of characters in a word ( for -bit ascii on a -bit machine, for -bit utf- /ucs- on a -bit machine, etc.). if the length is not bounded, encoding a length n takes log(n) space (see fixed-length code ), so length-prefixed...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/String_(computer_science)