arc welding (smaw), which is also known as manual metal arc welding (mma) or stick welding. electric current is used to strike an arc between the base material and consumable electrode rod, which is made of steel and is coveredwith a flux that protects the weld area from oxidation and contamination...
with oil. during cleaning after repairs, the oil has not been properly removed from the boiler or from the feedwater piping system which again has led to cracks and an associated loss of integrity in high heat transfer areas. many of the reported incidents have led to expensive and time consuming repairs...