effect of parasitic resistances series resistance shunt resistance impact of both series and shunt resistance . other effects effect of temperature effect of light intensity ideality factor . design of silicon cells . design of silicon cells solar cell design principles . optical properties optical...
fine art materials fuel cells glass investment grade metals jewelry & fashion lasers lighting medical devices musem & galleries nuclear energy oil & gas optics paper & pulp pharmaceuticals & cosmetics research & laboratory solar energy space sports equipment steel & alloy producers textiles & fabrics...
cells, but the term "battery" is also commonly applied to a single cell that is used on its own. contents history battery concepts battery capacity battery lifetime battery explosion types of batteries disposable rechargeable homemade cells traction batteries flow batteries maintenance-free (mf) battery...
fuel cells glass manufacturing investment grade metals jewelry & fashion lighting medical devices nuclear energy oil & gas optics paper & pulp pharmaceuticals & cosmetics plating research & laboratory solar energy space steel & alloy producers sports equipment textiles & fabrics water treatment research...
fuel cells glass manufacturing investment grade metals jewelry & fashion lighting medical devices nuclear energy oil & gas optics paper & pulp pharmaceuticals & cosmetics plating research & laboratory solar energy space steel & alloy producers sports equipment textiles & fabrics water treatment research...
solar cell structure light generated current collection probability quantum efficiency spectral response the photovoltaic effect . solar cell parameters iv curve short-circuit current open-circuit voltage fill factor efficiency detailed balance tandem cells . resistive effects characteristic resistance...
, bismuth etc., to produce alloys which are used for very specific applications, generally related to the electronic industry. however, manganese used in these metal alloys accounts for a small percentage of the total manganese demand. non-metallurgical applications batteries the most important non-metallurgical...